DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL MUSLIM STUDENTS IN NORTH BEKASI, INDONESIA

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of personal, family, educational, and socio-cultural factors on the development of entrepreneurial skills among Muslim middle school students in North Bekasi, Indonesia, using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. Quantitative data were collected from 120 students through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative insights were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 30 purposively selected students. The findings revealed that all four factors significantly influenced entrepreneurial skills, collectively explaining 71.2% of the variance (R² = 0.712). Among these, personal factors—such as motivation, self-confidence, and initiative—emerged as the strongest predictor (r = 0.881, p < 0.05), followed by family, socio-cultural, and educational factors. Qualitative data confirmed these results, highlighting themes of self-efficacy, parental role modeling, school-based entrepreneurial activities, peer support, and Islamic values promoting ethical trade and self-reliance. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated approach to entrepreneurship education that engages schools, families, and communities to foster ethical, competent, and resilient young entrepreneurs. Future research should consider longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, and intervention-based evaluations to deepen understanding and strengthen educational strategies.