JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED SCIENCES

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPRESSIVE WRITING PROGRAM MODEL TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ MENTAL RESILIENCE AS ANTICIPATORY MEASURE AGAINST BULLYING IN INDONESIA

Febi Robianti — 2025-12-31

Bullying continues to be a significant challenge in schools, leading to emotional, psychological, and academic difficulties for students. This paper proposes the development of an expressive writing program designed to enhance students' mental resilience and serve as a proactive measure against bullying. Expressive writing has been shown to promote emotional regulation, reduce anxiety, and improve mental well-being. The study uses qualitative design with secondary data such as Books and Journal as form of data collection. It also highlights the importance of teacher training in facilitating emotional support, creating a safe space for expression, and recognizing signs of distress. Collaborative support from parents, counselors, and educators ensures a consistent support system, while emotional literacy sessions supplement writing activities to help students articulate complex emotions. Long-term research and evaluation are vital to assess the program's impact on students' resilience and bullying prevention outcomes. Incorporating technology, such as secure digital platforms, will make the program more accessible and relevant. The program aims not only to reduce bullying but also to foster emotional well-being and academic success, preparing students with the resilience to confront challenges with strength and integrity.

SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN WESTERN NIGERIA

Ogechukwu Rose Appah Appah — 2025-12-31

Mathematics serves as a strong reinforcement that enables the students to develop logical, abstract thinking and the ability to recognise, formulate and evaluate problems in their different fields. The knowledge gained from mathematics is expected to be applied to the courses offered in technical and vocational institutions. This study examined the effect of some psychological factors on students’ attitudes towards mathematics. This was designed specifically to consider the effect of interest in mathematics, mathematics phobia, and perceived usefulness of mathematics on students’ attitudes towards mathematics. Data was collected using the Students’ Questionnaire (SQ). A correlational analysis showed a positive relationship among the variables of the study. The result revealed that 77% of the variation in students’ attitude towards mathematics was accounted for by the independent variables (interest, mathematics phobia and perceived usefulness of mathematics). It is therefore recommended that all the psychological factors examined should be treated and made right in order to improve students’ attitude towards mathematics in technical and vocational institutions for learning effectiveness in mathematics.

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES FOR COMMUNICATIVE TEACHING OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA

Emmanuel Akinwunmi ODUNTAN — 2025-12-31

This study is a meta-assessment aimed at investigating the quality of junior secondary school teachers’ assessment of techniques and resources for communicative teaching of English grammar in Abeokuta, Nigeria. The descriptive survey of the cross sectional type was adopted in this study to select all junior secondary school teachers in one hundred schools in Abeokuta as the target population. The purposive sampling technique was employed to select two hundred and fourteen junior secondary school teachers. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. Research questions were answered using item-by-item analysis with mean rating and hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics at 0.05 alpha level. The study revealed that junior secondary school teachers assessed wrongly the techniques and resources for communicative teaching of English grammar. This implies that junior secondary school English language teachers lack proper understanding and appropriate use of the techniques and resources for communicative grammar teaching. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers should update their professional knowledge and skills by constantly attending seminars, workshops, in-service training and reading of academic journals as well as other related materials as these would expose them to the new developments in the use of different communicative techniques and resources in teaching. Teacher-training colleges and faculties of education should also ensure pre-service teachers are exposed to communicative language teaching, including its techniques and resources.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PAKISTAN

Zoha Muhammad Zakir — 2025-12-31

Classroom management is a multifaceted process involving the establishment of rules, management of student behavior, and facilitation of active participation. In Pakistan, secondary school teachers encounter unique challenges that complicate these efforts. This study investigates the problems and prospects of classroom management among secondary school teachers in Sindh, Pakistan. The study adopts qualitative approach using secondary data to analyse the questions in the study. Challenges like student misbehavior, overcrowded classrooms, and resource shortages hinder effective management, while opportunities such as professional development and technology integration offer solutions. The study examines how these factors and teacher experience influence management effectiveness, guided by Choice Theory’s emphasis on student choice and relationships. The paper provides strategies to enhance teaching practices, benefiting teachers, administrators, and policymakers. It was suggested the need for the launch of community-based initiatives, such as parent-teacher meetings and awareness campaigns to increase parental involvement, reinforcing discipline and fostering a shared commitment to education among others.

COMPETENCY-BASED EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE QUR’AN AND SUNNAH

Jaafar Muhammad Kakai — 2025-12-31

This article discusses the concept of Competency-Based Education in relation to the Qur’an (Saheeh International) and Sunnah, highlighting Islam's holistic approach towards intellectual, moral, and spiritual development. It brings into perspective that Islamic education focuses on bringing forth a well-balanced personality through the combination of intention (niyyah), knowledge ('ilm), and practice ('amal). The study explores Qur’an (Saheeh International) values of accountability, righteousness (ihsān), honesty, and beneficial knowledge, as well as Prophetic hadiths inspiring lifelong learning, skill mastery, and character development. It argues that the Islamic educational system naturally promotes competence by linking academic achievement to ethical character and spiritual sensitivity. By integrating the divine principles of taqwā (piety), ikhlāṣ (sincerity), and ʿadl (justice) in the education process, education is transformed into a process of transformation and not information transmission. The conclusion drawn from this paper is that through such a process, one nurtures people who are intellectually capable, socially responsible, and spiritually oriented, which eventually depicts the real purpose and vision of Islamic education.

ISLAMIC MARRIAGE PRINCIPLES VS. CULTURAL TRADITIONS: A CRITICAL STUDY OF UN-ISLAMIC PRACTICES IN INDIAN MUSLIM MARRIAGES

Saniya Farheen Mustafa — 2025-12-31

This study explores the great difference present between Islamic marriage principles and cultural traditions performed by Muslims in India. This paper focuses deeply on such un-Islamic practices such as wedding rituals, dowry, and extravagance, and highlights the weight of disobedience to Allah ﷺ taking place unknowingly. It addresses misconceptions and variations from Islamic teachings due to culture and traditions. It examines the financial constraints and social pressure that are taking place due to these harmful and prohibited practices. Especially in the case of women, the modern generation wrongly defines feminism and places a much bigger burden on the heads of women. The objective of this research is to call for the revival of Islamic practices, mainly simplicity, equity, justice, and mutual respect in marriages, by providing practical information on marital issues regarding the Qur’an and Sunnah. This study advocates for a return to your true values of Islam in terms of marriage and promotes a balanced approach concerning Islam, culture, and gender. The main purpose and result of this study are to serve as a blueprint for conducting the perfect Islamic wedding without any Prohibited practices taking place.

PROFESSIONAL ZAKAH AND TAXATION IN INDONESIA: EFFECTIVENESS, DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE, AND A SHARIA-BASED COMPARISON WITH MALAYSIA AND SAUDI ARABIA

Khansa Shabirah — 2025-12-31

In recent years, several countries have begun introducing professional zakah as an effort to distribute wealth more equitably. The establishment of professional zakah regulations and policies has created new perceptions and had a significant impact on the society. Some countries have similarities in managing zakah and taxes, while others use different models. In fact, this innovation is conflicting the fatwas issued by several prominent Islamic scholars and its implementation is considered erroneous. This study aims to examine the conformity of professional zakah with Sharia, its effectiveness and contribution compared to modern taxation, and the implementation of professional zakah policy in Indonesia. Considering the ambiguity of this issue, the author analyzed the comparative systems of professional zakah and taxation in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The literature review concluded that the principles and management of professional zakah and taxes in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia are similar, with several differences. Practically, professional zakah is used as a deduction from taxable gross income, or as a reduction of tax payable. However, the collection of zakah can be carried out simultaneously with taxes collected by the government or carried out in a decentralized manner (officially and unofficially). Therefore, the differences have a significant impact on increasing zakat and tax collection simultaneously.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING LAND DEGRADATION AND CONSERVATION PRACTICES AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Oyewo I.O. — 2025-12-31

Land degradation is considered one of the major problems to achieving food security in Nigeria and also achieving the Sustainable Development Goal one and two. The study was carried out to examine the influence of socio-economic factors influencing land degradation and sustainable conservation management practices among smallholder farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents with a well-structured questionnaire using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that 57.5% of respondents were male, 33.3% were above 51 years, with the mean year of 43.3 years and 46.0% had no formal education. Most respondents (96.6%) operate a smallholder farm of 1–5 acres, 39.1% privately owning land, while others relied on leasehold (29.9%), rented land (19.5%), or communal arrangements (11.5%), majority (48.3%) depended on family labour, land tenure insecurity discouraged long-term soil conservation, with 83.9% affirming that unclear boundaries and communal land use complicated land management. The inferential statistics revealed that years of farming experience (β = 1.429, p < 0.01), household size (β = 1.454, p < 0.05), and income (β = 2.263, p < 0.10) as significant positive determinants of land degradation and R² was 0.59. It was however concluded that limited income, market access, and sustainable practices such as crop rotation, composting, agroforestry, manure application, soil testing, inadequate extension services and insecure land tenure were the factors influencing land degradation and soil conservation. The study recommends targeted interventions such as credit facilities, land policy reforms, capacity-building programs, and improved market linkages to promote sustainable land management and enhance productivity in the study area.

CULTURAL DETERMINISM OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON SMES PERFORMANCE IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

Mufutau Akanmu Popoola — 2025-12-31

Culture significantly influences individual desires and behaviors, and this is particularly evident in Osun State, which boasts a rich cultural heritage. Understanding sample cultural determinism and its impact on consumer behavior is essential for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in Osun State, as it directly affects their performance. From Osogbo to Ilesha, culture shapes consumer responses to the products and services offered by SMEs. This study aims to investigate two key objectives: the impact of cultural determinism on consumer behavior and its relationship with SME performance in Osun State. Two hypotheses were tested using a descriptive survey design. The study's population consisted of 2,273 SMEs in Osun State, according to SMEDAN. The size of 317 was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and data were collected from business owners via a simple random sampling method in three major towns: Osogbo, Ife, and Ilesha. Out of the 317 questionnaires distributed, 301 were suitable for analysis. The findings suggest that SMEs in Osun State are significantly influenced by cultural beliefs, and these cultural factors must be considered when establishing and running a business. The study recommends that SMEs in Osun State pay close attention to cultural beliefs at the individual, group, and societal levels to enhance their performance.

IMPACT OF IFRS S1 AND IFRS S2 IN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING OF BANGLADESH

Niaz Mohammad ACMA — 2025-12-31

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) foundation’s climate related disclosure standards IFRS 1 (General requirement for disclosure of sustainability related financial information and IFRS 2 (Climate related disclosure) represents a paradigm shift in global sustainability reporting. Considering the relatively short period since its introduction, there may be constraints in evaluating the complete implications of these standards. Meanwhile, the distinctive environmental vulnerabilities and socio-economic challenges of Bangladesh, evaluating readiness for these standards is essential to foster sustainable business practices. The objective of this study is to investigate how relevant IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 have an impact on the sustainability reporting of Bangladesh, assess current efforts directed at their implementation, and recognize the challenges that could impede effective adoption. With the mounting pressure from investors, regulators, and consumers for businesses to show their dedication to sustainability, standardized sustainability reporting frameworks have taken on greater importance. This study is exploratory in nature and using qualitative method, review of prior literature, IFRS standards, regulatory publications (Bangladesh Bank, Financial Reporting Council, ICAB, ICMAB) are taken into consideration. Finding reveals that there is growing recognition of sustainability's importance and some proactive measures have been initiated, but widespread readiness remains limited. It offers insights into Bangladesh's current readiness and proposes recommendations for stakeholders to navigate a successful transition towards effective sustainability reporting practices in banks and financial institutions.

LEGAL REMEDIES FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE: A COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL STUDY

Cynthia Karim — 2025-12-31

Medical negligence poses a critical concern in healthcare law, as it raises serious threats to patients’ rights and disproportionately impacts women, who encounter distinct challenges arising from biological, social, and institutional factors. This study examines the legal remedies available to women victims of medical negligence through a comparative international perspective. It explores how different legal systems, common law, civil law, and mixed jurisdictions which address medical malpractice claims, compensation mechanisms, and accountability of healthcare providers. Special attention is given to women-specific issues and challenges, such as maternal healthcare negligence, reproductive rights violations, and socio-cultural barriers in seeking justice. The study will also highlight the vulnerability of indigenous women and women in custodial or prison settings, who often face discrimination and barriers to healthcare justice. By analyzing case laws, statutory frameworks, and international human rights instruments, the research identifies both progressive practices and systematic shortcomings across jurisdictions. In the context of Bangladesh, despite constitutional guarantees and judicial interventions, enforcement gaps and socio-cultural barriers continue to obstruct women’s access to effective legal remedies. Therefore, the research sheds light on the need for strengthening patient-centered healthcare policies, and ensuring accessible, affordable, and gender-sensitive legal remedies for women victims of medical negligence.

SHARED WORDS, DIFFERENT WORLDS: DEFINITIONAL DRIFT IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LAW

Ahmed Twabi — 2025-12-31

This paper introduces the concept of definitional drift—a form of semantic misalignment in which scholars and lay Muslims use the same jurisprudential terms but imagine different objects. Whereas classical fiqh assumed semantic stability and employed principles such as ʿurf (custom) and zaman (temporal context) to preserve relevance, contemporary conditions reveal simultaneous, competing definitions within a single community. This study makes three contributions. First, it formally distinguishes definitional drift from classical ʿurf, framing it as a synchronic divergence rather than a diachronic adaptation. Second, it empirically demonstrates this phenomenon through a small exploratory survey of 60 Muslims, which probes their perceptions of music and nasheed. The results show that lay classifications are guided not by traditional fiqh categories but by cultural aesthetics, sonic form, and performer identity, leading to rulings that are formally sound yet porous in practice. Third, it proposes a methodological response: revitalizing ʿurf through empirical tools, adopting function-based rather than form-based definitions, and institutionalizing semantic diligence within fatwā bodies. By naming and theorizing definitional drift, the paper provides an original framework for understanding why certain rulings fail to bind and outlines concrete pathways for re-anchoring contemporary fiqh in the lived semantic realities of Muslims.

IDENTIFYING KEY FEATURES IN FMCG SUPPLY CHAIN NODE CLASSIFICATION USING RANDOM FOREST AND XGBOOST

Muntasir Mustakin — 2025-12-31

The efficient management of supply chain nodes is critical in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, where misclassification of products and resources can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs. This research investigates the classification of FMCG supply chain nodes by product group and identifies the key features influencing this classification through machine learning. A dataset of 40 nodes, enriched with 33 engineered attributes from product metadata, plant and storage codes, and node identifiers, was analyzed. Random Forest and XGBoost were employed for node classification, with performance evaluated using cross-validation and confusion matrices. Both models achieved perfect accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores, demonstrating the predictive adequacy of the selected features. Feature importance analysis revealed that Subgroup Encoded was the strongest predictor, alongside location-specific variables (e.g., Plant_2114) and node-level attributes (Has_AT, Has_MA). These findings underscore the value of feature importance analysis in uncovering hidden dependencies and enhancing explainability in supply chain operations. The study provides actionable insights for warehouse planning, product placement, and resource allocation, while also highlighting the novelty of applying explainable AI in FMCG supply chains. Future research should extend this work to larger datasets and temporal features to ensure scalability and robustness.

IMPACT OF POST-COVID INTERNET AVAILABILITY ON ADOLESCENCE PSYCHOLOGY - A STUDY ON DHAKA, BANGLADESH

Muhsina Aktar — 2025-12-31

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily life, with prolonged lockdowns accelerating digital transformation across the globe. This study investigates the impact of increased internet availability on the psychological well-being of adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during and after the pandemic. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys, interviews, and psychological assessments to understand the changes in behavior, mental health, and social interactions among adolescents aged 13–18. The findings reveal a dual-edged effect: while improved internet access facilitated remote learning, social connectivity, and entertainment, it also contributed to increased screen time, exposure to cyberbullying, and heightened risks of anxiety and depression. Socioeconomic disparities amplified these outcomes, with underprivileged adolescents facing challenges in digital accessibility and support systems. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions, including digital literacy programs, mental health support, and parental guidance, to mitigate adverse effects and promote healthier internet usage among adolescents in post-pandemic Dhaka.