HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SERMONS OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD ﷺ: AN ANALYSIS

Abstract

Islam is unquestionably more than a religion; it is a way of life that encompasses all areas of human existence, including human rights, particularly those believed to be essential, such as the right to life, property, freedom, citizenship, non-Muslims' ability to choose their faith, and equality. Based on the Madīnah constitution and the final sermon of the Prophet ﷺ, this article will discuss these essential rights from an Islamic perspective, which emphasizes that these rights have been covered by Islam for a long time and that Islam was the first step towards the establishment of human rights as enshrined in international law today.